Most Interesting Historical Places in Jordan to See on Your Trip

Discover Jordan’s breathtaking wonders! Explore the rose-red city of Petra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with its iconic Treasury and Monastery. Journey through Amman’s ancient Citadel and Roman Theatre, and wander the well-preserved Roman city of Jerash. Experience the unique desert landscapes of Wadi Rum and the spiritual significance of Mount Nebo. Uncover historical treasures from the Madaba Map to the Baptism Site of Jesus Christ. Explore castles, fortresses, and the captivating Desert Castles. Embark on an unforgettable adventure through Jordan’s rich history and stunning landscapes. Read on to plan your trip!

Important information

• Petra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a Nabataean city carved into sandstone cliffs. It features iconic structures like Al-Khazneh (the Treasury) and Ad Deir (the Monastery), accessed through a narrow gorge called the Siq.
• Amman, Jordan’s capital, blends ancient ruins with modern life. Key sites include the Citadel, the Roman Theatre, and the historic downtown area of Al Balad.
• Jerash is one of the world’s best-preserved Roman cities outside of Italy, showcasing impressive temples, theaters, colonnaded streets, and intricate mosaics.
• Wadi Rum, known as the “Valley of the Moon,” offers a unique desert landscape with towering sandstone mountains and vast red sand dunes.
• Mount Nebo is a significant pilgrimage site where Moses viewed the Promised Land. The Moses Memorial Church, located here, houses stunning Byzantine mosaics.

Petra: The Rose Red City

The Treasury

Petra’s Treasury, also known as Al-Khazneh, is its most elaborate temple. Carved into sandstone cliffs, the impressive Hellenistic facade dates back to the first century BC. This intricate marvel was built by the Nabataeans, an ancient Arab people.

Monastery (Al Dayr)

Al Dayr, also known as the Monastery, is one of Petra’s most remarkable monuments. Carved directly into the cliff face, this massive Nabataean tomb is a truly awe-inspiring sight. Reaching Al Dayr involves a challenging climb, but the panoramic views from the top are worth the effort. From this vantage point, you can take in the magnificent spectacle of the entire surrounding area.

Siq and the Royal Tombs

The Siq, a narrow gorge, serves as a dramatic gateway to Petra, leading directly to the elaborate Royal Tombs carved into the sandstone cliffs. These tombs, such as the Urn, Silk, and Corinthian, are a testament to Nabataean ingenuity and impressive architectural skills. The Siq itself heightens the anticipation for the wonders within.

High Place of Sacrifice

High atop Petra, Jordan, sits the Nabataean High Place of Sacrifice, a site archaeologists believe was used for animal sacrifice and rituals. Two towering obelisks mark the location. Altars and rock-cut platforms provide stunning views of the surrounding mountains, a dramatic backdrop for ancient ceremonies. Imagine the breathtaking scene as rituals unfolded against this landscape.

Amman: Ancient and Modern

Amman, Jordan’s capital, seamlessly blends ancient history with modern life. Perched atop one of the city’s seven hills, the Citadel boasts Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic ruins, including the Temple of Hercules and the Umayyad Palace—vestiges of a storied past. The remarkably preserved Roman Theatre, still hosting events today as it did centuries ago, is another must-see landmark. Downtown, in the vibrant hub of Al Balad, traditional shops and cozy cafes nestle among numerous historical sites, perfectly capturing Amman’s dynamic spirit.

The Citadel and Roman Temple of Hercules

Located on Jebel al-Qal’a, one of Amman’s seven hills, the Amman Citadel showcases a captivating mix of Roman, Byzantine, and Umayyad ruins. The Temple of Hercules, a remarkable Roman-era structure, stands as one of the Citadel’s most impressive features.

Roman Theatre: A Cultural Landmark

Amman’s Roman Theatre is a remarkable testament to Jordan’s rich cultural heritage. This well-preserved ancient landmark offers visitors a captivating glimpse into history, making it a must-see attraction.

Al Balad – Downtown Amman

Amman’s historic downtown, Al Balad, is a vibrant blend of old and new. Explore traditional shops and restaurants while discovering historical gems like the Roman Theatre. This cultural heart of Amman is a must-see for any visitor.

Jerash: The Greco-Roman City

Jerash, a remarkably preserved Roman city outside of Italy, features stunning temples, theaters, and colonnaded streets. Explore attractions like the Oval Plaza, the South Theater, and the Temple of Artemis for a glimpse into Roman urban design. The city also hosts vibrant cultural events and festivals.

Jerash Ruins: Best Preserved Roman Architecture

Journey back in time at Jerash, home to one of the world’s best-preserved Roman cities. Wander along colonnaded streets and discover ancient temples and theaters. Must-see sites include: the Oval Plaza, Hadrian’s Arch, the Temple of Artemis, and the impressive amphitheater. Intricate mosaics and an archaeological museum further enhance the experience. The city also hosts a captivating annual festival featuring performances and historical reenactments.

Roman Theatre and Byzantine Church

Jerash, Jordan is home to a remarkably well-preserved Roman Theatre, a stunning example of Roman architecture. Adjacent to it lies a Byzantine church, powerfully symbolizing a pivotal historical shift from Roman paganism to Christianity.

Wadi Rum: The Valley of the Moon

Wadi Rum, the “Valley of the Moon,” offers a truly unique desert landscape. Towering sandstone mountains and vast red sand dunes create a breathtaking, unforgettable vista.

Unique Desert Landscapes

Wadi Rum, also known as the Valley of the Moon, presents a striking desert panorama. Immense sandstone mountains emerge from the crimson sands, while narrow canyons wind their way through the terrain. The rocks, sculpted by wind and water erosion, create a dramatic, almost alien landscape. The view is simply breathtaking.

Mount Nebo: A Place of Pilgrimage

Moses Memorial Church

Views of the Promised Land

From Mount Nebo, a breathtaking panorama unfolds, revealing the Jordan Valley, the Dead Sea, and distant Jerusalem. A memorial and church commemorate Moses’s view of the Promised Land. Within its walls, the church protects remarkable ancient mosaics, offering a vibrant window into history.

Madaba and the Mosaic Map

Madaba, the “City of Mosaics,” is renowned for its exquisite 6th-century mosaic map located within St. George’s Church. This intricate artwork depicts Jerusalem and other significant biblical locations. Local artisans contribute to the city’s vibrant artistic legacy by creating and selling stunning mosaic pieces. A nearby archaeological park offers further exploration, unveiling the region’s captivating history.

Church of Saint George at Madaba

Housed within Madaba’s Church of Saint George, the 6th-century Madaba Map is a remarkable mosaic depicting the Holy Land. This historically and religiously significant site offers a unique window into the region’s vibrant past and rich artistic heritage. The map itself provides an unparalleled glimpse into the ancient world.

Madaba Mosaic Map

Journey back in time with the Madaba Mosaic Map, a stunning 6th-century depiction of the Holy Land and Jerusalem. Located within St. George’s Church, this intricate floor mosaic is one of the oldest surviving maps of the region. Explore the ancient landscape with its rolling hills and valleys. Discover the locations of long-ago villages and towns. This remarkable artwork offers a unique window into the past.

The Baptism Site of Jesus Christ: Al-Magtas

Al-Maghtas, or Bethany Beyond the Jordan, is a UNESCO World Heritage site revered as the location of Jesus Christ’s baptism by John the Baptist. This profoundly significant event draws Christian pilgrims and those intrigued by biblical history to the Jordan River baptismal area and its surrounding archaeological remains.

UNESCO World Heritage Site

Al-Maghtas, a UNESCO World Heritage Site on the Jordan River, is revered as the place where John the Baptist baptized Jesus. Archaeological discoveries and longstanding religious traditions support this profound significance.

Jordan River Baptismal Area

John the Baptist baptized Jesus on the east bank of the Jordan River, a historically significant area known as the Jordan River Baptismal Area. This UNESCO World Heritage Site attracts Christian pilgrims worldwide. Archaeological finds, such as remnants of Roman and Byzantine churches, underscore the site’s historical importance.

The King’s Highway: A Journey Through Time

Journey through time along Jordan’s historic King’s Highway, a captivating route stretching north to south. Discover breathtaking scenery and fascinating stories etched in time as you explore this ancient road. Explore remarkable Crusader castles:

• Shobak Castle, built by King Baldwin I in 1115, offering panoramic views and impressive architecture.
• Karak Castle, constructed in 1142, another glimpse into Jordan’s rich past.

These fortresses represent just a fraction of the historical treasures found along the King’s Highway, a testament to Jordan’s enduring legacy. Experience an unforgettable journey.

Shobak Castle

Shobak Castle, also known as Montreal, is located in Shobak, Jordan. King Baldwin I built this crucial Crusader fortress, the first of its kind in the region, in 1115. It controlled vital communication and trade routes for the Crusader kingdom until Saladin’s forces besieged and captured it in 1189.

Karak Castle: A Historic Fortress

Karak Castle, a Crusader fortress in Karak, Jordan, offers a fascinating glimpse into medieval military architecture. This strategically important stronghold played a crucial role in the Crusader states of the region.

Ajloun Castle: An Islamic Fortress

Panoramic Views and History

Umm Qais: The Ancient City of Gadara

Umm Qais, formerly Gadara, is a captivating Decapolis city offering a unique glimpse into antiquity. Explore the remnants of theaters, churches, shops, and paved roads, revealing much about the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The city also boasts breathtaking views overlooking the Sea of Galilee.

Theatre, Churches, and Paved Roads

Journey through history in Umm Qais, a city steeped in ancient wonders. Explore the remarkably preserved Roman theatre, discover the remnants of Byzantine churches, and wander along original paved roads. These fascinating structures reveal Umm Qais’s rich past and its prominence during the Roman and Byzantine periods. The city’s thriving legacy endures to this day.

Umm ar-Rasas: A Mosaic Haven

The remarkably well-preserved Byzantine mosaics at Umm ar-Rasas, a UNESCO World Heritage site, offer intricate glimpses into ancient cities and biblical narratives. For instance, the mosaic floor of the Church of Saint Stephen presents a detailed map of the Holy Land and surrounding regions. These exceptional mosaics provide invaluable insights into the past.

Well-Preserved Mosaics

Jordan’s Desert Castles

Scattered throughout Jordan’s desert landscape are the Desert Castles, fascinating relics of early Islamic architecture and ingenuity. These structures served a variety of purposes, including:

• Peaceful retreats,
• Invigorating bathhouses,
• And strategic hunting lodges.

Among these architectural marvels are Qasr Al-Harranah, Qasr Amra, and Qasr Bashir. Qasr Amra, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, stands out for its exceptionally well-preserved and captivating frescoes. These castles offer a unique glimpse into a rich and vibrant past, showcasing remarkable architectural achievements and artistic expression.

Qasr Al-Harranah

Qasr Al-Harranah, a square fortress from the Umayyad period, stands among Jordan’s desert castles. This impressive structure likely served as an administrative center or perhaps a caravanserai offering respite to weary travelers. The castle is a striking example of Umayyad architecture.

Qasr Amra: A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Qasr Amra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site nestled in the Jordanian desert, is renowned for its vibrant frescoes. These depict scenes of daily life, animals, and the celestial wonders above. This desert castle served as a luxurious retreat for the Umayyad caliphs.

Qasr Bashir

Qasr Bashir, a remarkably well-preserved Roman and Byzantine fortress in Jordan’s eastern desert, offers a glimpse into the military might of these empires. Its impressive walls, towers, and gates still stand, showcasing a fascinating example of military architecture.